Cardiology

Pericardial disease, or pericarditis, is an inflammation of any layer of the pericardium. The pericardium is a clash of thin tissue around the heart and includes: Visceral pericardium: the inner layer that covers the entire heart. Fluid layer between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium to avoid friction Parietal pericardium: the outer layer made of fibrous tissue. Causes Pericardial effusion is caused by inflammation of the pericardium (pericarditis) in response to illness or injury. Pericardial effusion also occurs when the flow of pericardial fluid is blocked or blood collects at the pericardium from a chest injury. Sometimes the cause cannot be determined (idiopathic pericarditis). Causes of pericardial effusion: Inflammation of the pericardium after heart surgery or a heart attack. Autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus Cancer (metastasis), especially lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or Hodgkin's disea

If your child has a congenital heart defect, it means that your baby was born with a problem with the structure of his heart. Some congenital heart defects in children are simple and do not require treatment. Other congenital heart defects in children are more complex and require multiple surgeries over many years. Knowing about your child's congenital heart defect can help you understand the situation and what to expect in the months and years to come. Types of congenital heart disease There are many types of congenital heart disease, and sometimes they are combined. Some common mistakes: Septal defects - there is a hole between the two chambers of the heart (commonly called a "hole in the heart") Correction of the aorta: Here the main large artery in the body called the aorta is narrower than usual. Pulmonary valve stenosis: where the pulmonary valve that controls blood flow from the lower right chamber of the heart to the lungs is narrower than normal. Great Artery Tra